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Just beyond the reaches of Austin and Kingston Nevada parallel to the Toiyabe Mountain Range lays Toquima Cave an ancient pictograph site that could date back to about 3,500 years ago. This den and some of the caves found within the Toquima Range was home to the ancient western Shoshone Tribe. Although many sites refer to this as a cave this rock shelter was a place for the ancients to gather to paint and draw pictographs.  There is roughly 300 abstract illustrations found within this archaeological site. If you pay very close attention you will see a variety of white, red, yellow and black pigments. Some of them were done with a form of finger painting while the ancients may have used human or animal hair brushes, sticks, grasses, split bones, moss, fur or leather to apply the pigments.

Charcoal may have been used to produce the black colors you while Hematite and Goethite were probably what had made the reds and yellows you see. Gypsum which was the most commonly used mineral to create the white pigments you see within this shelter. Its very possible that other pigments were formed or mixed together to create the pictographs you see found here or other ancient sites in the region. They may have used plants, nuts, berries, clay, bird droppings and chalk. They would have mixed these on site grinding them right onto the rock a bowl shaped hole near the entrance signifies this. Its also possible they mixed the pigments on leaves, gourd, bone or wood bowls. They may have even used shells, clay pots or large pieces of bark as well. The Shoshone were known to trade with other tribes so if they needed certain minerals or materials for making such pigments they could obtain it despite the fact that the tribe was centralized in the heart of Nevada.

Many of the pictographs you see may have been depicting animals perhaps Bison, deer, elk or maybe antelope while others feel they hold no meaning at all. The Great Basin Shoshone used two styles to depict there art one being a curvilinear style which is squiggles, dots and circles. The other one is a rectilinear style which is tally's, lines and chevrons. The Shoshone did not live at this site really artifacts were very minimally found here and that could be because of its very difficult to get to location. The rock shelter resides at the top of Pete's Peak up near the crown among volcanic rock deep in the Toiyabe National Forest. It is surrounded by to massive desert expanses one being Big Smoky Valley which borders the edge of Austin and Kingston the other one being Monitor Valley. You will see on this journey both valleys and a series of multiple mountain ranges as I felt it was important to put the region into perspective for our viewers so they could try to imagine what it was like to be the Shoshone during ancient times.  

Some folks refer to this rock shelter as Pott's Cave some people get them confused with petroglyphs and we have taken you to such sites. However Petroglyphs is art that has been carved into the rock not painted like the archaeological site found at Grimes Point. Today the rock shelter has a large fence to keep it from being vandalized and prevent deterioration which is a great idea because you can still see them all without having to enter inside. Its not the easy location to get to either although it can be done with 2wd for those interesting in coming up here for a hike, family picnic or to absorb some of the history. Preservation is my goal but also to education others therefore this is an extremely relevant site in Nevada and its meant to be shared with the world. To visit this site there is a road that can take you to the top of the Toquima Range via Monitor or Big Smoky Valley your choice. One you arrive at the site which is also a primitive campground you hike for about a half mile perhaps less then climb the rocky trail to the very top where you will see the shelter covered by a giant fence pretty easy eh? The views from Pete's Summit of the forest, valley and local summits are breathtaking!

One might see how the natives may have identified with there spiritual identity. There is no doubt in mind that many ristuals and perhaps even spiritual journeys that took place while these rock paintings were being done. I have to be thankful for having the opportunity to visit such ancient sites in my longstanding carreer of investigating such sites. I learned that more then often the Shoshone may have did many of their pictographs near hot springs which can be found throughout Nevada. In this case below the Toquima Cave and Pete's summit in a sea of sagebrush Spencer Hot springs can be found. More then likely this location would have been very sacred to the Shoshone people. One can imagine that after the tribe ground up the ingredients to form various pigments they may have performed there abstract art then journeyed to the springs to have a dip. Nobody knows for sure but based on archaeological finds one can delve deeper in this ancient site and study the tribe that first set eyes on these mountains thousands of years ago.

The Spencer Hotsprings site is located on top of seismic fault zones where fissures are present. These fissures can spider out 10,000' below the earths surface close to the mantle where the rocks are heated which turn bubbles the heated water to the valley floor. The area is littered with hot springs, geysers and events most very well hidden in the vastness of the Nevadan desert. I tried on my first journey out to this range to locate Diana's Punchowl which is proof of one such geyser however its very hostile as muddy water continues to boil and is off limits to taking a dip. However Spencer Hot springs is as I took my sons here to reward them with scenic views of the Toiyabe Mountains all snowcapped while being able to sit back in some hot springs despite how chilly it was that day. Its a part of Nevada not allot of folks get to see we feel so blessed to be able to share such locations. I also read somewhere that if you are lucky enough you can see wild mules and burros here. With any hot springs always remember before taking a dip in them to always test the water first because temperatures may vary and you do not want to get burned. Generally most springs are very safe but mother nature lurks below our feet at all time!

Spencer Hot springs consists of a variety of pools some are more hidden then others the best one being a stone lined pool overlooking other ones below. In front of you gives off views of the Toiyabe Range while behind the springs one can enjoy the views of the Topuima Range is where the cave is found. The springs are fed by pipes to kind of direct the water into there pools. There are multiple cattle troughs and tubs with props to direct the water to filter inside of them. During the winter you will find outdoor enthusiast enjoying a warm bath in these tubs as they say warmer in the winter months.  The water can range generally it may stay around 105 degrees other times it can get as hot as 140 degrees. There is a tiered series of pools two of them contain gold fish one can understand why since they eat the algae. Although the water is not still as it continues to run off and continues to flow it is warm enough to breed algae. Thus you may see gold fish in some of the pools which is definitely worth visiting the pools alone for that reason. Some of the springs are natural others are not here but the water that bubbles up from the earths crust is some of the most soothing purest water in the world!

The one thing I learned about my visit to this region is that history ranges from thousands of years ago all the way to the days when the west was wild. Its very evident that early settlers of Kingston and Austin Nevada would have made use of such springs back in the day. We want folks to get out and explore helping us preserve these locations so that they can be enjoyed for thousands of more years. Nothing like visiting the cave then driving out of the mountains too take a dip into some springs. Some people say you can hear the spirits of the Shoshone whispering to you if you decide to make the journey to the cave. It is so quiet here you tend to hear allot of things you wont hear anywhere else on the planet. It is also very possible that at one time giants roamed these lands in Shoshone legend there are stories about them stealing women and children by carrying them away in baskets in ancient northern Nevada. Visiting here felt like a spiritual journey to stand atop of Pete's summit looking at the forest then the desert floor below. Then to rest at the hot springs and know that over the last few thousand years so many have done the same!


Copyright By
Lord Rick aka AngelOfThyNight
PGS Founder
Author, Talk Show Host, Producer and Investigator


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