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The Old Stewart Indian School is some of the finest stone work in the western United States bordering the edge of the state capital of Nevada Carson City.  The boarding school in itself contains over 80 historical buildings most of them today are boarded up and forgotten. My reasoning behind this project is for preservation purposes but also to admire this locations rich as well as tragic history.  By no means have we visited the sites involved to disrespect any of the local Native Tribes but the project is to help educate our younger generation since the school did play a major role in western history.

In the 1880's the Nevada Legislature passed a bill which authorized the sale of bonds to purchase acreage for the Indian School to be built.  The native tribes composed of Pauite, Shoshone and Washoe then used this land to build the boarding school on. Other tribal children who attended the school were Apache, Hopi, Pima, Mohavi, Ute, Walapai, Pipage, Tewa and Coropah. The boarding school would act more like a college campus where children would live on the grounds and they would be educated in various trades.  The children lived in a Victorian style wood framed dormitory and the school for them became a home.  By the time the school was completed it had encompassed around 240 acres which also included basketball courts, baseball diamonds and even a football field for those interested in athleticism.

The school would open its doors December 17th 1890 with a total of 37 students.  That would soon change as by 1919 nearly 400 students would be attending. As enrollment had increased new buildings would be built such as a hospital, recreation room and even many work shops that would offer various trades. The Virginia Truckee Railroad at one time in 1906 would stop at the school to deliver supplies and transport students to and from the school.  From about 1919 to about the 1930's most of the stone buildings you see in our videos and photos were constructed by some of the students who learned masonry and by Hope stone masons. Today nearly 63 of the 83 stone buildings are boarded up this is due to the fact that they do not meet Earthquake safety standards and budget cuts.  Thus today what you see are mere skeletons left behind from its former glory!

The school was designed to help assimilate the Native Americans into a trade that they could use once they graduated. I actually commend this school because during this time if you were Native American it was hard to find a trade or employment so it really put education for the Native Americans on the map. Sure the students curriculum included classes in writing, reading and arithmetic. But it also focused on much needed vocational training in various trades dealing with the service and agricultural. The boys learned ranching, farming, mechanics, woodworking, masonry, painting and carpentry, While the girls learned baking, sewing, cooking, laundry and practical nursing.  Vocational training remained the schools main focus until academics changed in the 1960's.

The state of Nevada did acquire the campus in the 1990's just a decade after the closure of the school. Today some of the buildings are used for police training, classes, state agency offices and even the Nevada Indian Commission is located in the schools Superintendents home. The Washoe Tribes of Nevada and California had established the Stewear Community on much of the former schools land and also use some of the buildings. On occasion Pow Wows are held on the property from various tribes and ceremonies. As a paranormal historic preservation group we would like to work with the Washoe Tribe to make sure that this location remains a place where others can continue to learn about its rich history.  I feel its an extremely relevant site for further study not just by our group but other local schools and those who really want to understand the life these children led calling this school there home.

The school itself was named after Senator William Morris Stewart who was also sponsoring the national legislation to create this off the reservation boarding school for all American Indian children. Keep in mind this was the only institute like this in the state of Nevada. Technically the school was the only federal complex for Native Americans created by an act of State Legislature.  Many of the children were forced to attend to the boarding school up to a secondary school age. It had angered many of the parents and students because it was prohibited that they spoke their native languages while being on campus for assimilation purposes. That would change in 1934 with the Indian Reorganization Acts which self-determination and self-government were then supported. Only in later years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs encouraged schools such as Steward to let the students speak their native languages and promote their native cultures in class.

When the initial Stewart Indian School was built it had included two dormitories, barn, carpenter's shop, harness, tool house, root shed, laundry, wood and coal shed, store house, girls and boys baths and a three story 10,000 - gallon water tower. Frederick Snyder one of the longest attending schools superintendents from 1919 to about 1934 was responsible for the schools transformation which led to its amazing architectural wonder and horticultural showplace. Snyder had approved the practice of using colored native stone found along the Carson River to be used in campus buildings. Much of the Masonry you see today in the vernacular-style buildings was the works of student apprentices crafted from hard working hands. Perhaps this is why this place is so special to me because I know the blood, sweat and tear that were used to create every building you see on our site.

Most of the buildings you see today were built between 1922 and the beginning of WWII. I tried to categorize them and I may be off since I do not know what every building was used for. The Stewart Indian School Museum was located in Superintendent Snyder's home built by students in 1930. National Park Service grants including the Save America's Treasures grant were used to restore this home along with many of the other buildings. I believe in the 1800's many of the large trees you see on campus were planted by the students as well. So everything that is left behind was crafted by the hard work of students and those who sought to better the school.

In addition to the school their is also two nearby cemeteries one of them I visited to pay my respects nothing more as I know that the Washoe take burial serious but so do we. The cemeteries are connected to the schools history but also its tragic past. Early on when the school was formed the Russian and Spanish Flu epidemics swept through the halls and dorms where the children spent most of their time at. You can imagine since the children shared everything all the way from the tools to sewing machines to even communal living that it has a major impact on their own health.  Many of those young children are buried at the "Old Stewart Indian Cemetery" or to the natives its called "Dat-So-La-Lee Cemetery" named after a master Washoe basket weaver buried here.  More then half of the marked burials here are that of infants and children the other half being adults. Most of the stones were simple marble markers while there are some wooden, sandstone or concrete tablets. While others are just not marked at all as early on during the boarding schools first two decades were dark times. Sadly if you went to school and had a best friend within days of that person getting sick you might have to attend their funeral. I can only imagine the sadness the parents felt losing a child all because they shipped off their children to boarding school. Even though the grounds contained an infirmary if you were bed ridden here it may have met your death.

For those of you who have not heard of the famous basket weaver she was one of the last ones who knew the ancient art of making them. Her name was Louisa Keyser. Her inscription read the following please embrace it. "Myriads of stars shine over the graves of our ancestors. Dat so la lee had seen some 96 winters mostly in Carson Valley, when death came in 1925. She was the last of those Washoe Weavers whose ancient art had been practices by countless generations. Gathering willow, fern and birch with the aid of her husband, she wove into her masterpieces the legends of her people and the love of nature. Her baskets are unsurpassed for the artistic conception and symbolic importance.  She is buried in the adjoining cemetery, yet her memories and her visions are so woven into her baskets that she will live on to remind us of the history and unique tribal artistry of her people.  Today she remains buried among the children who lived their lives at the Stewart School and never left. Although most people are not saddened by this history it saddens me to know that some of these students never made it to adulthood so I do feel some of them are still spiritually present on the grounds due to this factor.  I had seen a basket at the museum made by Dat-So-La-Lee and her baskets are legendary. When she passed away she took the ancient art with her very few tribal members today know how to weave baskets the way she did.

After the old cemetery had seen its fair share of use a newer one was formed in or around 1940. You will see quite a few photos because I wanted to at least document it since it contains students, family members, teachers and others who were associated with the Stewart Indian School. Many of the headstones are white marble with simple inscriptions.  The cemetery is perhaps known as for being the site of the Burton Wungnema House. Burton's wife, Pearl, raised eight children in the home. Burton was from the water clan of the Hopi Nation. If you were to carefully examine his grave the reverse side shows the etching of his water clan symbol while that very same symbol can be found on the stone fireplace in the living room of his home. The stone house was relocated to Mill's Park which at one time was the Ormsby Poor Farm.

There is allot of history here all the way from students whispering at night to one another from their beds words spoken from their native tongue in fear of getting in trouble. The Stewart Indian Schools goals were to primarily teach Native Americans to speak English and ready them for the real world.  The school had everything some of them sites are listed at the directory below which you can take an audio tour at.  Some of the sites or buildings offered band, auditorium, gym, cafeteria, Wa Pai Shone/Trading Post, Shops, Barns, Bakery, Church, Kitchens and even a Post Office! Every building had a fire place most of them later on were heated using steam tunnels in the cooler months which brought hot steam via tunnels found underneath the grounds of the school. The staff such as teachers all lived in cottages they parked their vehicles in garages assigned to them.  The boarding school was quite self sustaining during its hey day they even grew some of their own food as the land surrounding the property was very rich.

Today every single building tells a story whether it was from a student who lost their life to the flu or made their way through life to make the Carson Valley what it is today. At one time children laughed, played and when it was dinner time they would run to the dining hall. The laughter has since then ceased but the burial grounds and massive stone temples are symbols of what was. I created this addition to our site to not only serve as a memorial but for other schools in the region to really embrace the difficult life it was if you were Native American and placed in such boarding school like this. Not every student survived that includes some of its staff members but they were the people that kept this school alive for as long as it remained opened all the way till 1980. If you wish to donate or learn more about the school you can do so at the following link Old Stewart Indian School! Today an eerie feeling encompasses the grounds of the school but at the same degree so does the feelings of Grandeur!
Copyright By
Lord Rick
Founder
Paranormal Investigator, Author, Talk Shost Host and Producer

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