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Cold Springs Nevada aka Rock Creek resides along highway 50 the Loneliest road in America about 50 miles west of Austin Nevada. Its so remote that its surrounded by mountains 360 degrees and multiple ranges ranging from vast desert expanses to woodsy peaks. The area surrounding Cold Springs holds a few historical gems which most passerby's would never think twice to explore or hike on out too. Their are three sets of stone ruins found scattered surrounded Cold Springs that being the Transcontinental Telegraph, Overland and Pony Express Stations. They are some of the finest in the state if not the entire wild west which is why I had put this project all together so our viewers including schools across the nation could further their education into these sites which helped bring forth transition which paved the way to Nevada reaching its statehood. Thus Cold Springs Station is a heritage and cultural site not many know about unless they were to do their research so when you tour these pages please take the time to absorb this history so many have forgotten. While the stations located in Cold Springs are merely in ruins very few stand today along the loneliest road in America although the closest station which still stands today near Cold Springs is the Middlegate Station which today still serves beer, burgers, hotel service and fuel.

Cold Springs paved the way for the development of communication and transportation as the United States continued to expand westward. From Missouri all the way to San Francisco California stations like you see within our pages were erected. Although most were short lived due to Indian Raids, harsh weather or further advances in technology led to their demise today many of these stone ruins can be found through the west. Life was very simple if you were employed at these stations as you were cut off from the rest of the world. You had to be a bit rugged and have the nohow to not only fight but to survive. The men who worked at such stations had to raise livestock, hunt, fish, gather food and fight when necessary. Stations were places of tragedy many of the men drank or played cards just to pass time I cant say I blame them as every meal you had could have been your last.


When the Pony Express came to be the Butterfield Overland Stage Company was also constructing stations nearby. While the Pony Express focused on the delivery of mail and messages the Overland focused on providing a rest stop for emigrants and pioneers passing through. People like Mark Twain would make use of such stations to bunk up for the night on his travels. However such stations were very short lived this is due to the fact that in 1861 the Transcontinental Telegraph line was strung from Omaha Nebraska to Carson City Nevada the state capitol. This created the first high speed communication link between the east and west coast. This also led to the Pony Expresses demise unfortunately and only the wealthy at the time were able to afford the use of such a service. Once the Transcontinental came through here stations were no longer needed to be used as rest stops as this reduced horse travel greatly and passengers could stay on the train safely till they arrived at there destination. As a matter in fact just four days after the first telegraph message was sent the Pony Express Stations closed there doors for good.

Eventually when the stagecoach was no longer needed the automobile was on a rise and every home wanted one. Therefore this led to many new roads and highways some of them tracing old wagon trails. In 1912 the first transcontinental highway came to be and was called the Lincoln Highway which is known as Hwy. 50 the loneliest road in America. If you check out our scenic pictures I posted this road from the top of one of the higher elevations along it just to give our viewers how desolate it truly is. Without many towns along the way it was very necessary in the 1800's to have such stations for early travelers who may have decided to venture westward.

In early 1860 three eastern businessmen W.H. Bussell, Alexander Majors and William B. Waddell came up with the idea to speed up mail service that went out from Missouri all the way to the West Coast. You had riders that left Sacramento California and those who left St. Joseph Missouri via horseback. The Pony Express begin in 1860 of April 3rd as along the way 190 stations were built for the horses and their riders. It only lasted about 19 months this was due to the telegraph being established which led to its closure. But during those short 19 months over 34 thousand pieces of mail were carried and the horses had done enough mileage to travel the world 24 times over.  The Cold Springs Station was merely just one of many in the region however Cold Springs Pony Express Station is one of the most intact and preserved out of them all today.


One of the most well known Pony Express stories passed around for decades is Robert Haslam's legendary ride which took him 380 miles in just a 36 hour time span. Also known as "Pony Bob" was only 19 years of age so when he came to ride for the Pony Express in May of 1860 the Paiute Indian was transpiring at Pyramid Lake which is near Lake Lahonton which has boasted a Williams Station which was eventually ended up being burned thus dangers lurked around every corner for any rider who dared carry the mail via horse. While some stations were never burned the men working them were often attacked and had to fend for themselves. Pony Bob was known as the best rider in all of Nevada and Cold Springs played a major role in his legendary ride.

How it all began was Bob was on a regular run which often took him from Friday's Station in the Sierras near Lake Tahoe to Buckland's Station in Nevada which if any of you are aware starts off as forest eventually expanded over the range into the high desert. This route ran from California all the way to Churchill County Nevada through some hostile Indian territory. Not all the native tribes were violent however some tribes despised these stations being built as they felt that the white man was slowly pushing them off of their lands they spent thousands of years on hunting and gathering. When Bob was traversing this route he stopped at Reed's Station in Kings Canyon in Carson City where the citizens militia confiscated all the animals for Paiute war that included livestock for food and horses for soldiers. Unfortunately Pony Bob was riding a very exhausted horse and was forced to continue to ride it to his next destination that being Buckland's Station.

When he arrived at Buckland's Station a rider who was suppose to relieve him named Johnson Richardson refused to ride due to the dangerous of the regional Indian war. Allot of men were very afraid to leave the stations walls because they provided safety for the riders. Unfortunately some of the riders who left that confined environment were often subjected to death or even having everything they carried stolen. The stationmaster named W.C. Marley was willing to give Pony Bob a $50 bonus if he would ride to the next station which that he surely did. Pony Bob would traverse three more stations that being Sand Springs, Cold Springs and eventually Smith Creek Station 190 miles later resting for about 8 hours then handing off the eastbound mail to another courier. He then would pick up the westbound mail at Smith Creek to make his trek westward as most of you are aware postal mail on the Pony Express was carried both ways along the route.

Fortunately Pony Bob had gotten very lucky as on his return trip westward he would stop again at the Cold Springs Pony Express Station where to his own horror found that it had been attacked by Indians. The station keeper was killed and all the horses were stolen. He barely missed the attack and well he could have also met his demise. The stations did have gun portals integrated into the walls eventually but there was no roofs on most of them thus it was relatively easy for the natives to throw fire inside there walls or shoot arrows towards the sky causing it to rain down on the couriers inside. What could he do but continue westward or cower running the other way! He road back on to Sand Springs Station to tell the Station Master about the Indian raid telling him to take evacuate due to the recent dangers. Pony Bob may have just saved this guys life because another nearby station he rested at had burned down the next morning that being Smith Creek. It appeared that the Paiutes band of warriors were attacking any station in the region they could set ablaze or raid all within a short time. Once again Pony Bob escaped death barely by the skin of his teeth imagine how a few decisions and timing made a difference in this legendary feat.

He would continue onward to Fort Churchhill where he would rest only 1 hour personally myself not sure why he did not stay longer considering how safe it was to be here. The fort had soldiers, cannons, stockpile of guns and was free from any native attacks. Despite the dangers Pony Bob continued onward back to Reed's Station in Carson City then Friday's up in Lake Tahoe where he completed his 380 mile trek a few hours early from May 11th to May 13th thus making it the longest and fastest journey of all by any courier for the Pony Express. Although the event really was not recognized by many it went down into history as it shows one mans will to survive and the courage that came with it. The men who braved the wild west were true heroes and its an important piece of Western American history not many know about.

The Pony Express Station that you see in Cold Springs was built in March of 1860 and was in use by April of that same year. This was a very large station all built out of native large volcanic rock and mud used as mortar. The station resided nearly two miles from the old Lincoln Highway wagon trail which today is Hwy. 50 and is around 160' by about 51' give or take. The walls of station were roughly 3' thick and nearly 6' high which made it a bit safer from Indian Raids which occurred regularly but this did not make the station full proof either from such attacks. This station had four rooms which was a barn, corral, blacksmith shop, living quarters and storage area. The corral for the horses were located next to the living quarters so that they would be guarded because without the horses you had no mail delivery. The only heat the men had in the winter was either from body heat the animals had given off or a very small fireplace within the living quarters which you will see in our B&W and Team Gallery. Jim McNaughton was the station keeper here until he became a rider in later 1860.
 It struggled financially as it continued during the Civil War to make contributions to the Union while never once in return receiving any assistance.

While Cold Springs Station was attacked during Pony Bob's legendary ride dangerous still lurked as they continued during the time it remained in operation. Another station eastbound of here named Smith Creek Station was attacked by Indians just a day later after the raid in Cold Springs. The men who worked within these walls did carry guns and fought off the natives at Smith Creek for four days.  Its innkeeper known as John Williams was killed and its men had told the militia who came to assist them from Cold Springs what had happened. They also told the militiamen that prior to the attack the station keeper was attacked by wolves. As you can see if the Indians did not kill you the wilderness may have life as a Pony Express rider was a harsh one during the time that it was operable.  Also all the men were killed at Dry Creek Station as well so being a station master let alone a courier was dangerous. Their were no amenities just scenery and the serenity of the great Nevadan frontier that loomed over Cold Springs Pony Express Station.

When the war began to wind down many notables passed through the area some of them visited the Pony Express Station. One of those fascinating individuals is Sir Richard Burton who passed through here in October of 1860. Being a writer and an explorers he was very vivid in describing the places he journeyed at kind of like what we do here. I think Sir Richard Burton was delighted with the cool drinking water which passed through Rock Creek along the station that the horses and the men could utilized. This is what he spoke of in his writing while he watched station riders constantly changed hands:

 "The station was a wretched place half built and wholly unroofed; the four boys, an exceedingly rough set, ate standing, and neither paper nor pencil was known amongst them. Our animals, however, found good water in a rivulet from the neighboring hills and the promise of a plentiful feed on the morrow. Whilst the humans, observing that a beef had been freshly killed supped upon an excellent steak. The warm wind was a pleasant contrast to the usual frost but as it came from the south all the weather-wise predicted that rain would result. We slept however without such accident, under the haystack, and heard the loud howling of the wolves, which are said to be larger on these hills than elsewhere."

An employee for the Pony Express W.W. Finney reported that even after the burning of the stations and major attacks incidents were still occurring. I think due to this most of the riders afterwards spend allot of time with their guns holstered to there sides. Cold Springs was not a happy place food was scarce and the men were exposed to every element that the harsh Nevadan frontier offers. If you wanted to have a steak you had to kill the cow for the beef. If you did not want to be surprised by Indians you had to stand and eat so you could peer over the wall. At night you had no protection from the elements I am sure when you went to bed you fell asleep to wolves howling. Accidents occurred regularly for example in May of 1860 a Bartholomew Riley died of an accidental rifle shot at this station on en route to it while trying to visit his sisters and brothers in California. He served under the 19th Regiment of the U.S. Infantry at Camp Floyd and served under Major Ormsby who once operated a farm in Carson City where today the Ormsby Cemetery stands. He fought in one of the Pyramid Lake wars and instead of falling victim to war he fell victim to a friends carelessness. It is tragedies such as this that seem to surround the Cold Springs area many who ride through here on Hwy. 50 never look back twice to ever recognize that this area is really a cemetery for those who did not survive. Major Ormsby was buried in Carson Cities Welsh Pioneer Cemtery just below Reeds Station so as you can visibly see everything within the wild west has deep roots and connections.

After the indian raids of the Cold Springs Pony Express Station just two months later in July of 1860 it was noted in the Sacramento Union that it had to be rebuilt then fortified. The room with the fireplace was added later in 1860 to provide comfort to the couriers. The rocks had to be chinked, plastered and fit to a tee to create a tight secure fit. The large windows were removed and ports were added for additive defense so that the couriers if under attack could fire their guns through them. A willow thatch room was also construct especially over the living quarters and the floor was soft dirt which provided more comfort then the original station. The hay for the horses was stored in the storage area while the men at night sang, drank and told stories in the living quarters area. Although the men were now allowed to drink on the job it was the wild west people did allot of things they should not have done even I do because their is a certain freedom that comes with braving this frontier. Knowing that danger lurks around every corner including rattle snakes having a few drinks brought happiness into these men's lives. Before the raid at Cold Springs Pony Express Station it only had two rooms was rather confined, stuffy and the men were at greater risk. Sadly it would not matter if renovations were made as in the fall of 1861 all stations along the Pony Express were closed. This station however in particular may have been used by local ranchers for its barn and hay storage area after it closed.

As a station master his responsibility was to ready the horses as most of the time he was alone or with a couple couriers who never really stayed within the stations walls very long. Being a station master was a greater risk because you were absolutely confined to the station therefore in the case of a raid you had no choice but to fight back. You were responsible for feed and watering down the horses which could be done from within the walls except when gathering water from the creek nearby because you did not have a choice. Their was about 80 riders and about 500 horses purchased at $200 a piece. Each rider was given a Navy Colt Revolver and they road about 35 miles in each direction. The stations were about 10 to 35 miles apart so once you left the confided walls their was no protection and the station keepers lived a very lonely life here which I can imagine led to drinking. The riders carried a mochila which is a leather cover with four mail pouches that held letters. When they stopped by each station they did so for water or to transfer the mochila to the next courier. Most riders covered 10 to 15 miles an hour so they could technically cover allot of ground as mail was handed off to each courier. In the 18 months of operation only one mail pouch was lost and during the Paiute Indian War only a month of service was postponed. The Pony express was an impeccable service all ran by a select few courageous men who dared to go further then any pioneers of their day. Another great Pony Express station site we visited prior to this one was the old
Woodfords Manor School & Cary Peak in California which led to my interest in the Cold Springs Station.

A couple miles across the desert and on the other side of the Lincoln Highway is another great station which is very extensive and full of foundations very similar to the Pony Express Station nearby. Do not confuse this with Hawes Station further to the west along with some of the others in the region. The Overland Station located in Cold Springs may have served as one of the main headquarters for John Butterfields Overland route which begin in Missouri and ended in on the west coast. This station was built in 1861 however I read that while the Pony Express Station you see was being built a mile and half away they used the Overland Station temporarily before it was renovated. On site it had two buildings which contained the living quarters, corral, store room, barn, stables, farrier's shop and stage turn around area. The walls were made of native rock which had to be hand selected then put into place with mortar made on site. Generally three men would live on site for months at a time sleeping on a cold, wet, damp and uncomfortable floor. The men cooked there food on site and lived off the basic necessities nothing was extravagant here just as furniture was handmade. Before roofing ever made it to this station the men slept under the stars night after night exposed to the elements sitting by a small fireplace sharing whiskey and tales around the fire. Such stations were also prone to attack just as with the Pony Express Station therefore every man had to have a gun not just for protection but if they needed to hunt for their food in the mountains.

The living quarters were much more extensive then the nearby Pony Express Station as it had more then one fireplace, windows and three bedrooms. The walls were very high to protect the caretakers of the station from raids and their may have been eventually a canvas or wood roof. The men would cook, eat, sleep and play cards inside the living quarters. You definitely would not want to leave the walls of this place because the wilderness was very dangerous, remote and you had very angry natives would take any opportunity they could to kill the men working here. The horses on site were shoed at the blacksmith shop and any other tools that could be made here. I am sure that the men even at times made there own bullets for protection while residing at this station. Horses were often exercised by walking them in circles in the open area surrounded by walls because more then often the natives tried to steal them and it happened when Cold Springs Pony Express was raided.  Its also possible that the men at this station had livestock such as chickens or a few cattle for a food source. That would make sense you could technically slaughter a cattle and it could feed you for weeks and I have heard stories that sometimes the men would have steak or give their guest one. With the area being so remote it was not often goods would come in therefore you always had to make due. This station only remained open till about 1866 much like anything else in the region it was short lived.

In 1857 Congress awarded a contract to John Butterfield to transport mail from Missouri to the West Coast. However at the time this route traverse through Texas and Arizona then ran to the NW. This stage line would be moved then called the Central Overland Route after the Civil War came to be. That is when Wells, Fargo & Co. took over its operations. As some of you are aware before the railroads came through the area everything was transported via stage coach that included gold bars and thus more then often they were robbed. The central route was shorter but perhaps more dangerous due to its remoteness and lack of towns along the route. It would take an average of 23 days to travel from Mississippi to the west coast as pioneers brought with them their valuables, food, mail, families and personal belongs out west to form new lives. Allot of emigrants died along these stage routes with extreme cold, rain, summer sizzling temperatures, dust storms, deep snow and in the steeper areas they had to get out to push. This reminds me a bit of a story about Devils Ladder how sometimes the stage coaches had to be unloaded then tied to ropes and pulled by others in the party. The name Stagecoach derives from the vehicles who traveled by stages like the Overland ruins you see on our site. The weary, tired and thirsty travelers could bunk up for the night at such a station to rest perhaps water down their horses then move on to the next one which provided them with some additive protection. When passengers did not utilize the station along the route freight was stored and exported from such stations found along the route.

Another little site allot of explorers miss who visit Cold Springs is of a Transcontinental Telegraph Station. The Transcontinental Telegraph was formed in 1860 when congress passed a bill to subsidize the construction of a line between the Missouri River and the Pacific coast in 1861. Such lines would extend from Omaha Nebraska all the way to Carson City Nevada. This was the first high speed link between the Pacific and Atlantic Coast. It was the means for instant communication linking the west and the east together in America which truly makes it a historical marvel. The telegraph was instant unlike ships, horses or stagecoaches. It would take minutes to telegraph someone from another town or state as opposed to ships which took up to 60 days or Pony Express which may have taken 11 days alone just from Missouri to California. The downside to it was that it would cost you up to 75 cents a word to utilize thus many of the poverty stricken people never were able to afford it.

The telegraph was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse who used integrated the Morse Code through impulses sent through wires to communicate great distances. He was an artist and somewhat a scientist while other inventors were also close to inventing this method it was Morse who beat them to the punch line which is what made him so well renowned to begin with. Morse code was a series of dots and dashes which eventually the US Military utilized during war time because our enemy was not able to decrypt it. Four days after the first telegraph message was sent it caused the Pony Express to fold and I know I am reiterating that but one can see how each site in Cold Springs was connected or led to one another's demise eventually. Their was two telegraph companies that merged eventually that was how Western Union came to be which still today is in business.

The Telegraph Repeater Station that you see in this project was built sometime in 1861 just prior to the construction of the Overland Stage Station a quarter mile away. Just as with so many of the other ruins found here this one also was constructed of native volcanic rock. This station is in the most deplorable condition compared to the Pony Express and Overland Stations nearby. Perhaps it is neglected by the BLM because its not as relevant of a site as the courier service which came to the region nobody knows for sure. This station remained open all the way up until about May of 1869 when the transcontinental rail came came through. At that point all the telegraph lines were relocated to follow the train tracks and the old ones were removed from the Cold Springs Telegraph Station. The purpose of the lines following the railroads is that it was such railroads that also journeyed through many boom towns which utilized the telegraph such as Virginia City for example. Unlike the other stations this station also had its own well for water but it did not have some of the other buildings that other stations needed to sustain themselves this was because it served an entirely different purpose.

These stations relied on the springs and Rock Creek in the area which currently does not appear to be flowing due to drought that has stricken the region. Cold Springs was an area emigrants could have there wagons repaired. In my opinion these are some of the most relevant sites in the state of Nevada often overlooked. It is important that such sites are treated with respect as they have been fenced off due to others trying to climb and damage them unfortunately not everyone has a greater appreciation for American history as PGS does. What makes this site very unique is that you have three different stations all that served similar purposes or were built using the same methodology. Each station had similar rooms such as a living quarters or an area to house livestock but each one had its own purpose as well.  The BLM oversees these stations since the 1990's and the Overland Station ruins were reinforced with white cement added to the local gravel and soil. Then it was mixed into an adobe like mud and forced into the walls cavities using a pressure pump very carefully. The white cement actually mixed in with the gravel and mud has made the walls much more sturdy then the original concoction.

I often wondered if the land or these stations might be possibly haunted as our first expedition did reveal a few EVP's although its not much it is something to elaborate or go off of keeping an open mind. Our main goal is to make others aware of this site so they can help preserve its history for years to come but also between the beautiful scenic photography some of the best in the state of Nevada and such extensive American history its very imperative that we share it with our viewers or anyone seeking to educate themselves further. Life was harsh living and working within these stations as you had accidental deaths, murders, Indian raids, sickness and mother nature which also took a toll on anyone deciding to take them on. So I have no doubt that the ghosts of the past haunt these sites and may continue to do so for many years to come if they wish to be heard. While in other cases there might be energy left behind from their past history such as a residual haunting on the day of the raids where stations were left behind burning and their masters found murdered. Places of significant tragedies seem to take on a life of their own and old legends never die.  Life was difficult in the wild west it either will make or break you but one thing is for sure it is because of those who dared to dream that today it lives on the way you and I see it!


Copyright By

Lord Rick aka AngelOfThyNight

PGS Founder
Author, Talk Show Host, Paranormal Investigator & Producer
 


Cold Springs Pony Express Station


Cold Springs Overland Station

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Cold Springs Transcontinental Telegraph Station

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